Odds On Racing - Harness Racing

Artificial Breeding:
Includes artificial insemination or embryo transfer (transplants).

Bloodstock Agent:
A person who advises and/or represents a buyer or seller of horses at a public auction or a private sale.

Book:
1) A group of mares being bred to a stallion in a given year. If a stallion attracts the maximum number of mares allowed by the farm manager, he has a full book.

Bottom Line:
A horse's breeding on the female side. The lower half of an extended pedigree diagram.

Bred:
1) A horse is considered to have been bred in the state or country of where the sire is registered.

Breed:
An equine group whose members have been selectively bred for consistent characteristics over a period of time and with pedigrees recorded in a studbook.

Breeder:
Owner of the dam at time of foaling.

Breeding Fund:
A fund set up by many states to provide (bonuses) for state-breds.

Broodmare:
A filly or mare that has been bred and is used to produce foals.

Colt:
An ungelded (entire) male horse four-years-old or younger.

Conformation:
The physical makeup of and bodily proportions of a horse: How it is put together.

Crop:
1) The number of foals by a sire in a given year. 2) A group of horses born in the same year.

Dam:
The female parent of a horse.

Dam's Sire (Broodmare Sire):
The sire of a broodmare. Used in reference to the maternal grandsire of a foal.

Fault:
Weak points of a horse's conformation or character as a racehorse.

Filly:
Female horse four-years-old or younger.

Foal (ED):
1) A horse of either sex in its first year of life. 2) As a verb, to give birth. Also known as "dropped." 3) Can also denote the offspring of either a male or female parent:

Foal:
A horse under one year old.

Full-Brother, Full-Sister:
Horses that share the same sire and dam.

Gelding:
A male horse of any age that has been neutered by having both testicles removed (gelded).

Granddam:
See second dam.

Grandsire:
The grandfather of a horse; father ("sire") of the horse's dam or sire.

Half-Brother, Half-Sister:
Horses out of the same dam but by different sires. Horses with the same sire and different dams are not considered half-siblings.

Homebred:
A horse bred by its owner.

In Foal:
A pregnant mare.

Mare:
A female horse 5 years old or older. A female horse of any age who has been bred.

Pedigree:
The details of a horse's ancestry.

Reserve:
A minimum price, set by the consignor, for a horse in a public auction: The horse did not reach its reserve.

Second Dam:
Grandmother of a horse. Also known as a "granddam."

Sire:
1) The male parent. 2) To beget foals.

Stallion:
A male horse, generally retired from racing that stands at stud and is used for breeding purposes.

Standardbred:
A breed of horse, which participates in harness racing.

Stud Book:
A book kept to record the pedigrees of purebred horses.

Stud Fee:
The amount of money the owner of a mare must pay to have her bred to a stallion.

Stud:
1) Male horse used for breeding. 2) A stud farm.

Suckling:
A foal in its first year of life, while it is still nursing.

Teaser:
A male horse used at breeding farms to deve-definition-termine whether a mare is ready to receive a stallion.

Weanling:
A foal that is less than 1 year-old, that has been separated from its dam.

Yearling:
A horse in its second calendar year of life, beginning Jan. 1 of the year following its birth.